Argumentative Essay on Does Violence in Television Programs Breed Violence in Society

Argumentative Essay on Does Violence in Television Programs Breed Violence in Society Does Violence in Television Programs Breed Violence in Society? Today people are often complaining that TV programs are filled with negative news and events, that for people’s psyche it is detrimental and it urges them to behave aggressively. But is it really so? What are the reasons of such negative programs appearing on TV screens and what is people’s true reaction to them? Let us face the reality: people don’t do anything in the world of media that isn’t in demand and won’t bring them real money. They always strive to raise as much cash as it is possible, which can’t be so without attention drawn to their product and enough response. Thus, we can conclude that the tendency of showing cruelty and violence on TV screens is in demand. And it is really so, although being unacceptable as for an average person. But if people really want to watch such programs, why they complain about them? The reason is also very simple. People hate admitting that something bad happens due to their own fault. They would rather blame everybody else than admit that it is them who created this trend and continue to pour oil on flames by constantly discussing this problem. For marketing purposes this situation is ideal, as no specific advertising is needed. As soon as people see an ad with some terrifying news, the majority of them will become interested in it and will want to watch it. And what happens if people see some positive piece of news? They either criticize it by saying that everything cannot be so cloudless, as people are constantly speaking about catastrophes and different misfortunes, or simply won’t pay attention to it at all. This is a peculiar feature of our psychology, but to my mind it is better to admit it, than blame all the people around you in the interest to programs showing inappropriate content. On balance, to watch or not to watch TV and negative programs in particular are a choice of each and every person. Those who complain about

The Issue Of Juvenile Justice - 1658 Words

The amount of violence in our society today shows us that the message crime does not pay has not reached violent crime offenders. Young teenagers or kids who commit serious crimes can be tried in adult court. Trying teenagers as adults have convinced potential and actual teenage offenders that if they commit adult crimes, they will serve adult times. Though, teenagers are still learning how to live in the real world, juveniles are only tried as adults under some circumstances. Juvenile justice is the area of criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts, in most states, juvenile justice law is applicable to those under 18 years old. Juvenile law is mainly governed by the juvenile justice†¦show more content†¦The issue assumes significance in the wake of the brutal gang-rape and assault of a 23-year-old in Delhi on December 16 in a moving bus that shook the conscience of the nation. â€Å"The victim died in a Singapore hospital on December 29. One of the six accused in the case is a juvenile† (Apex court). The juvenile in the case was only 12 year olds. According to â€Å"Section 82 provides that nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age. Section 83 says nothing is an offence which is done by a child above seven years of age and under 12 and who has not attained the maturity to understand or judge the nature and consequences of his conduct† ( Apex Court). Due to that section clause, the juvenile was let free while the adults in the case were put in jail for 25 years to life. There are four main processes by which juvenile defendants can be transferred to criminal court. The first is the â€Å"Judicial Waiver when juvenile court judges have the ability to transfer juveniles to criminal court, usually takes into account age and severity of offense†. Based on the severity of the crime, the judge has the authority to take the juvenile case into criminal court and try the juvenile as an adults. (Fuentez 1). Second is â€Å"Prosecutorial Discretion: Prosecutors have the authority to file cases in juvenile court or criminal court jurisdiction† (Fuentez 1). There has to be prosecutors who sign a petition to try the kids as

Short Story - 840 Words

As Bahauddin looked into the narrow escape, he saw something blocking his path. It was a single keyhole. He climbed up the fragile ladder and tried to use each of the seven keys in the barrier. Soon, Bahauddin became frustrated and was about to give up when a sudden blast knocked him off the ladder onto the cold, hard stone. The last thing he saw was the rock crumbling above him. When Bahauddin woke up, the first thing he was aware of was the pain in his right leg. He looked over still feeling dizzy and saw fallen debris lying on it. He moved the rock and looked over his leg. â€Å"It must be fractured,† he thought. Bahauddin was glad that the Council had told him in advance of his adventure, and he was able to pack a bag of†¦show more content†¦In the center was a figure also made out of marble but at least three times the size of the others. All in all it was simply magnificent. After Bahauddin had taken all of this in and realized that his mouth was hanging open, he saw a scroll at the base of the largest statue. He walked over and picked it up. The scroll read,†I am close yet far. I am several yet one. What am I?† Bahauddin thought for a minute and realized the answer. He started feeling around the base of the statute and found a hole. He placed the ring of containing the Seven Keys in there. All of a sudden in a blinding flash of light, the seven keys changed into one. Bahauddin cheered to himself and took the key. He retraced his steps back to the hole going to the surface. As he unlocked the trapdoor, Bahauddin braced himself for a blinding light, but he found none. It was night when he exited the cave and found no sign of life, but this was to be expected. The entrance to the cave was in the mountains located east of his village, and the war between his people and the other tribe was fought near his city. â€Å"The council will be angry, for I have not delivered the treasure in time,† Bahauddin thought. Bahauddin decided that he needed to start walking so that he would make it back to the village by sunrise. As he walked he contemplated what had happened while he was away. â€Å"My people and the invaders are most definitely still fighting as they have been for manyShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Essay about The Words of the Dying Gaunt - 1010 Words

The idea of England as a second paradise in a postlapsarian world was a popular thought in Shakespeares day. Not only did Englanders compare their land the to Biblical Eden, but also to Classical legends that would have flourished in the Renaissance era. The fact that Britain is an island isolated from the rest of the world invited the comparison of England to mythical islands such as the Islands of the Blest and Homers Ogygia (Mackenzie 319). Such comparisons surely originated in the strong patriotism that thrived in the Elizabethan era. Shakespeare capitalized on this feeling through his history plays, which both instructed his audience on Englands past and fed the patriotic ego of her citizens (Reese 46). Nowhere does†¦show more content†¦This warning foreshadows Richards confiscation of Gaunts estate and the rebellion staged by Bullingbrook, Gaunts son and rightful heir. The next portion of Gaunts speech reverberates the idea of England as a second paradise. The image of England throughout Richard II is not only presented through pictures of glorious landscape and well-tended gardens, but through its citizens, both royal and common (Stauffer 92). Gaunt fluidly but forcefully presents images of England throughout his speech. He gives a list of qualities in a rhythmic tour de force (Best), which connects all of Englands attributes with the word this: This royal throne of kings, this sceptered isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself (40-44) These images present England as embodying physical attributes given by God. Gaunt continues this list of attributes by also praising Englands citizens by referring to them as This happy breed of men(45). The land is therefore credited for producing high-quality men, lending to the theme of England as female, fertile and mother to all her inhabitants. She is furtherShow MoreRelatedRichard II And Richard II Comparison843 Words   |  4 Pages(Richard) and Gaunt can be portrayed as extremely different characters from a superficial lens. When the two characters are analyzed using two poetic devices, it is revealed that they have extreme similarities that relate to their true selves. In both 2.1.93-138-139 and 5.5.106-107 of the play, it is revealed that Gaunt and Richard individually express pent up behavior that because they are both close to reaching death in those moments. Textual evidence justifies the argument that Gaunt and RichardRead More Shakespeare’s Richard II Essay: The Rape of a Nation1417 Words   |  6 Pagesautocracy. Gaunt proclaims t hat King Richard should relinquish his crown, because he has figuratively raped mother England by exploiting the loyalty of his subjects and debasing the grandeur of this blessed plot (2.1.50) for his own personal glory. John of Gaunts speech takes place from his deathbed. This setting heightens the resonance of his denouncement of Richard, for as Gaunt says, Where words are scarce they are seldom spent in vain / For they breathe truth that breathe their words in painRead MoreA Leader Is An Action Leading A Group Or Organization1749 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess, it is smart to take good advice from those who have their best interests in mind. In Richard II, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, is King Richard’s elder uncle. John of Gaunt is very ill, and knows his days being alive are limited. While knowing his final days are upon him, he has become completely disgusted by the acts of his nephew, King Richard. John of Gaunt is persistent in wanting to help guide King Richard down the right path when pertaining to leadership. He sees allRead MoreThe Deposition of Richard II in Richard II by William Shakespeare566 Words   |  3 Pagesare bound to be overthrown. Shortly after decided this Richard gets word that John of Gaunt is on his deathbed. He is elated because he figured an easier way to fund his war. After the death of Gaunt, Richard will claim Gaunts lands as his own and use Gaunts wealth for the war. Richards coldness towards his uncle shows his lack of respect for anybody but himself. This lack of respect will help lead to his downfall. Gaunt curses Richard upon his deathbed. This curse is a bad omen and a prophesyRead More Biblical Figures and Ideals in Shakespeares Richard II Essay4152 Words   |  17 Pagesblood-relations and feels little to no responsibility to take care of his English brethren. John of Gaunt, in his last words, warns Richard of Englands sickness and the inevitable consequences when he says to him, Thy death-bed is no lesser than thy land (II.i, 95). This admonition can be read in two ways- that Richard will be killed in England, making the land his death-bed by virtue of his dying on it, or that the sickness that will kill Richard is the sickness of the land; the outrages done byRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Cyrano De Bergerac834 Words   |  4 Pageswhich prevented to reach his full potential in life. Christian, a man that Roxanne is in love with because of his attractive looks that reeled her in but little does she know, he is not fluent in expressing himself in words. Meanwhile, Cyrano may have inner beauty of his eloquent words, but his nose. His nose was one of the main reasons why he was so insecure to pursue the woman of his dreams. To add on, he already knows that his nose is excessively large which is why he keep teasing people about hisRead More Death in Edgar Allan Poes Life and The Masque of the Red Death1468 Words   |  6 PagesPoe lost his mother. Many other deaths and terrible occurrences manifested themselves in Poes life, from the refusal of his adoptive father, John Allan, to accept Poes attempts at reconciliation, to the request he could not fulfill of his dying adoptive mother, Fanny Allan. To a world fascinated by the bizarre and the macabre, Poe has often seemed an embodiment of the satanic characters of his own fiction, the archetype of the neurotic genius (McMichael 727). Poes most recognizedRead MoreI Am Living At The Villa Borghese1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about it, I am. Everything that was literature has fallen from me. There are no more books to be written, thank God. This then? This is not a book. This is libel, slander, defamation of character. This is not a book, in the ordinary sense of the word. No, this is a prolonged insult, a gob of spit in the face of Art, a kick in the pants to God, Man, Destiny, Time, Love, Beauty †¦ what you will. I am going to sing for you, a little off key perhaps, but I will sing. I will sing while you croak, I willRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe (the Raven)1496 Words   |  6 PagesHe is searching desperately to end his sorrow. The mood, somewhat established in Stanza 1 with midnight dreary and forgotten lore, becomes entrenched as Poe includes details such as bleak December, dying ember, ghost upon the floor, sorrow, and a bevvy of alliterative phrases and words with Anglo-Saxon roots. Activities for Classrooms www.ePals.com/Join Collaborate with students globally Join the ePals Global Community! Ads by Google * Stanzas: 3-5 Stanza 3:  To combat the fearRead More The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry The Volunteer is a Pro-War poem written by Herbert Asquith. Asquith uses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour. Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of a clerk, working in a city grey. He opens with the words Here lies that are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. This epitaph - style opening gives the idea that the clerk has now passed away and the poem will concentrate on

The rate of caesarean section Free Essays

string(83) " female parents and male parents themselves were allowed to be of any birth order\." Back land From the last few decennaries the rate of cesarean subdivision is go oning to lift in many parts of the universe, particularly in industrial states. Ratess of hundred -sections have been increased in Norway as in the remainder of the western universe since 1970. Although C-section is a safer option to a hard vaginal bringing where there is a clear medical account for its usage, there is still possibility of long term wellness hazards to the female parent and kid due to its unneeded usage ( MacDorman, et al. We will write a custom essay sample on The rate of caesarean section or any similar topic only for you Order Now , ( 2008 ) . Maternal complications due to cesarean subdivision include, complications due to anaesthesia and surgery, and longer term generative morbidity and mortality in following gestations. Babies born by cesarean subdivision are more prone to hold respiratory hurt, less breast-feeding and likely more atopic diseases ( Tollanes, ( 2009 ) ; Van den Berg A, ( 2001 ) and MacDorman, et al. , 2006.Ramachandrappa, 2008. By taking into history the economic facets of the bringing method, it has been observed that cesarean bringings are more dearly-won than vaginal bringings. Harmonizing to an audit committee study published in 2002 in the UK, a cesarean bringing costs hospitals an norm of A ; lb ; 1,701 as compared to a vaginal bringing which costs an norm of A ; lb ; 749. Therefore a one per centum rise in CS rates costs the NHS an excess A ; lb ; 5million per twelvemonth ( station note 2002, p. ) . In add-on, adult females who have a cesarean subdivision are more likely to remain longer in the infirmary and sometimes hold to be re-admitted in the infirmaries due to injure infections and other complications. It may besides be of import to believe about long term wellness attention costs due to the services used by adult females themselves and their babies following a cesarean birth ( Wendy Sword, et al. , 2009 ) . In consideration of that first cesarean delivery subdivisions about guarantee that following gestations outcome will be Cesarean bringings. It can be a fiscal load for society and the national wellness system ( Sword, et al. , 2009 ) . World- broad high rates of cesarean bringings are a affair of concern to international public wellness due to its effects on maternal and child wellness and the associated socio-economic effects on society. Literature reappraisal shows, high rates of cesarean delivers among all female parents irrespective of age, ethnicity, gestational age and medical position ( Menacker, et al. , ( 2006 ) and MacDorman, et al. , ( 2008 ) . None the less concerns have been raised over the high cesarean birth rates that go beyond the World Health Organization ‘s ( WHO ) suggested rate of 15 % and its possible hazards to the maternal and antenatal wellness ( Wendy Sword, et Al ; 2009 ) . In order to halt this progressive rise in rate of operative bringings, a elaborate analysis of the factors lending to this addition is required. Many epidemiological surveies have been conducted in assorted states to find the factors responsible for the planetary rise in Cesarean subdivisions. Datas analysis from different surveies found a figure of medical and non-medical factors that are responsible for the addition of cesarean bringings both in developed and developing states. Medical factors accountable are raise in maternal age, high organic structure mass index ( BMI ) and alterations in medical pattern as explained by Tollanes ( 2009 ) . Tollanes ( 2009 ) identified maternal penchants ; improper pregnancy attention and fright of legal action among accoucheurs are major not medical ground for high prevalence of cesarean subdivisions. However, supervising the overall rate may non be helpful in cut downing unneeded cesarean subdivisions. It may be more utile to descry and take at subgroups of adult females in whom undue cesarean subdivisions could be avoided. To categorise subgroups of adult females who could be observed for possible hazard of cesarean bringings, a figure of surveies have been conducted in many states. An analytical survey was carried out in Latin America by, World Health Organization ( WHO, 2004-2005 ) ( Betran, et al. , 2009 ) . In this analysis two subgroups of female parents were identified to lend high rates of operative bringings that need to be monitored more closely. These subgroups include adult females with a individual full term cephalic gestation: ( a ) with a history of old cesarean delivery and ; ( B ) those female parents who had c-deliveries after initiation of labor or who had elected cesarean deliveries ( Villar, et al. , 2006 ) . Numerous surveies have focused on familial heritage of medical factors responsible for complications of gestation and its results ( Rolv T, 2007 ) . A argus-eyed survey of non- medical hazard factors may let us to place grounds for the increasing rates of unneeded Caesarean bringings which are conformable to alter. In order to measure these non- medical hazard factors and their familial heritage within the coevalss and across the coevalss quite a few surveies have been conducted ( Vernal, et al. , 1996 and berg-Lekas, et al. , 1997 ) . Study design This survey aimed to place not medical hazard factors for elected cesarean subdivisions and their biological heritage within households. Using informations from Norway is valuable if an apprehension is to be developed of the increasing operative bringing rates, specifically within this state but potentially in other contexts as good. In this design a population-based information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway ( MBRN ) was used and a retrospective- cohort of singleton unrecorded borne full term gestations was established with the aid of national designation figure. A cohort of 440236 grandmother-parent units and 275001 same sex full siblings units were constructed from singleton birth registered in the MBRN during 1967-2005. Out of 440236 grandmas -parent units, 261156 were being identified with a female neonate and 179080 with a male new born, who became female parent and male parent subsequently in life. For the same sex full sibling unit 153085 braces of full sisters and 121916 braces of full brothers out of 275001 with their first birth were compared. In instance of grandma -parent units merely the first birth of each female parent and male parent was observed but female parents and male parents themselves were allowed to be of any birth order. You read "The rate of caesarean section" in category "E ssay examples" To look into the familial heritage to non- medical factors, units with high hazard factors for cesarean subdivision were ruled out and low hazard subgroups of grandmas -parents units and full sibling units of sisters and brothers were constructed. Log – binomial arrested development theoretical accounts were used for statistical analysis in this survey to mensurate the comparative hazards. In instance of grandmother- parents units the exposure was grandmother presenting parents by cesarean and result was cesarean bringing for parents ‘ first kid. While in instance of full siblings unit the exposure was upwind older siblings first babe was born by cesarean bringing and result was measured by cesarean bringing in younger siblings ‘ first kid. In this survey at that place has been a clear addition in primary cesarean bringing without a medical or obstetrical indicant. While confusing has been minimized as a consequence of the full accommodation of all aetiological factors at every phase of analysis, there may however be residuary confounding. Present work involved two separate analyses. First analysis compared manner of birth of first kid in all female parents and male parents borne by c- bringings to the all female parents and male parents borne by vaginal bringings in both high hazard and low hazard parents. Consequences of this survey showed female parents borne by cesarean subdivisions due to complications of gestation and labor had 55 % higher hazard of cesarean bringings than female parents borne by vaginal bringings. A 95 % assurance interval ( 1.48-1.62 ) seems to be rather important and demonstrated strong statistical grounds of associations with the relevant result. In instance of female parents borne by cesarean delivery after a low hazard gestation consequences showed twice the hazard of giving birth by cesarean subdivision. A wider spread in assurance interval minimizes the value of comparative results and its cooperation in wider population. Strengths of the survey One of the chief strength of the survey is the proviso of a big sample, which means that there is satisfactory possible to observe little but clinically critical associations. Another advantage of this survey is usage of a cohort design as compared to a series of cross-sectional surveies that would necessitate to take on new members for each survey. Cohort survey is quicker and cheaper as less proficient staff is required to roll up informations. There is no demand to follow persons over clip because all the information is already available so there is less opportunity of loss of contact and lose valuable information. In these analyses the exposure and outcome step is likely to be accurate since the accoucheuse and medical staff involved in the bringing is responsible for entering this information informations instantly after the birth. More confidence can be found in the truth of the collected informations because participants were non required to remember events for long periods of clip. These theoretical accounts are simple in design but let the geographic expedition of the hazard factors which may impact the whole community. These are called incident surveies. Restrictions of the survey Although this analysis is typical by analyzing a countrywide information of pregnant adult females and their comparative results, it has several restrictions. First, the truth of the collected information is hard to measure for all factors. It is more likely, that clinical pattern may hold altered or new factors may hold emerged, that influence manner of bringing. Several features of single adult females ( such as para, maternal age, and weight addition during gestation ) have been quoted in the literature as being associated with Caesarean subdivision. Joseph, et al. , ( 2003 ) investigated that alterations in maternal features and obstetrical pattern may lend to recent addition in c- subdivision prevalence. If these factors can be identified it may bespeak cardinal countries that could be targeted to command Cesarean subdivision rates. However, the variables identified in these theoretical accounts are every bit applicable to current clinical pattern. Data recorded over a long period of clip may besides be apt to alterations in definitions and coding systems. Second the quality and completeness of recorded information is important for a cohort survey design. Particularly in a retrospective cohort study the research worker goes back in clip to specify exposed and unexposed groups and re-evaluate medical records to follow participants for outcomes. As everyday information systems are planned to function as surveillance, and non a research survey, some informations may be losing or inaccurate. Another disadvantage of everyday informations may non be able to supply all the necessary information on other of import hazard factors under probe which, if unaccounted for may take to bias. Northam and Knapp, ( 2006 ) Comparison with other surveies This research adds to old work on tendencies and an aetiological factor associated with C- subdivision and on the whole has similar findings. In all analyses, maternal and fetal hazard factors ( such as, maternal age, placenta previa, gestational diabetes, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, macrosomia and many more ) were found to be independently associated with increased rates of Cesarean subdivision. These have the possibility of maternal and fetal heritage, which is in maintaining with other surveies. ( Lie RT, 2007 ; Plunkett J, 2008 ; Onsrud L ; Onsrud M, 1996 ) . There are several socio-cultural and environmental factors acknowledged in the literature related with C- subdivision has non been confirmed by this research. For case, many surveies have found societal category, nature of employment, and educational attainment, to be associated with Caesarean subdivision, none of which were observed to hold independent associations with manner of bringing in these analyses. This position has been supported by the work of Tollan, et al. , ( 2007 ) , who described the association between cesarean subdivisions and maternal societal background. Consequences of the survey showed that degree of instruction is reciprocally related to the hazard of cesarean bringings. Similar findings have been observed by Torun, et al. , ( 2006 ) sing socio-economic position of adult females and related hazards to the gestation outcomes. Giulia, et al. , ( 2008 ) explored the function of societal category and consequence of educational grade on cesarean bringings in Italy. This research besides concluded female parents from lower societal category and with lower educational accomplishment are more likely to present by cesarean subdivisions than female parents with higher educational degrees. On the other manus some surveies found a direct association between high cesarean subdivision rates and high socio economic place. Found C -deliveries are more common among those low hazard nulliparous female parents, who are good educated, belong to high socio economic category and have better surplus to prenatal attention. In UK, NHS obstetrician identified that 1.5 % of all C -sections are recognizing to maternal life style and picks in the absence of any clear medical indicant. This has been suggested due to the tendencies in several famous person adult females to give birth by elected cesarean delivery as these female parents are † excessively classy to force ‘ ( Postnote, 2002, p.2 ) . Lei, et al. , ( 2003 ) stated adult females ‘s medical insurance, societal position and penchants, are implicative for a considerable addition in rates of elected Caesarean bringings in China. The continuously high rates of elected Cesarean subdivision ( ECS ) performed at a adult female ‘s petition in the absence of a recognized obstetrical indicant, is going progressively common in the most developed states. ( Gamble and Creedy, 2000 ) . McCourt, et al. , ( 2007 ) reviewed published literature refering maternal petition for elected cesarean delivery and observed a really little figure of adult females bespeaking for cesarean bringings. The research worker evident a scope of non-medical grounds, such as the adult female ‘s fright of kid birth, her desire to give birth on a lucky day of the month or clip, or her apprehension that an operative bringing would salvage the babe ‘s encephalon from injury or injury. Weaver, et al. , ( 2007 ) observed similar association between psychosocial factors and maternal petition for cesarean bringings in UK. However, these surveies contain no clear information whether these cesarean deliveries were the consequence of maternal petition or because of physician recommendation. More research is needed to find the factors associated with maternal penchants, obstetrician pattern form, and institutional civilization, personal and societal grounds that affect the determination to hold a cesarean bringing. In the instance of ethnicity and race, the survey country has no cognition of cultural minorities and this may hold underpowered this portion of the analyses. Evaluation from different surveies showed linkage between cultural and racial subgroups and maternal and neonatal results. This position has been supported in the work of Johnson, et al. , ( 2005 ) . Vangen, et al. , ( 2000 ) found a significant fluctuation in cesarean delivery rates among different cultural communities in Norway. Similar consequences have been described by Robertson, et al. , ( 2005 ) sing hazard of non vaginal bringings and female parent ‘s state of birth. This could be explained by fluctuations in proviso and usage of wellness services by people of different socio cultural beginning as described by Berkin ( 1990 ) . NY, et al. , ( 2007 ) observed tantamount findings in the usage of wellness services by people of different cultural background in Sweden. For the other factors, this research has minimized confounding and suggests that they are non independently associated with manner of bringing in the survey population. Maternal tallness and weight are one of the of import hazard factors non verified in this analysis. McEvoy and Visscher, ( 2009 ) both described eighty per centum of human growing is under familial control suggestive of resemblances and fluctuations in tallness and weight between relations. Many surveies summarise that both familial and environmental factors regulate the human tallness and weight in different populations ( Letter, et al. , 2008 ) . Similarly strong familial association for organic structure mass index and human stature was found by Sammalisto, et al. , ( 2009 ) . Letter ( 2009 ) highlighted the engagement of cistrons in difference in grownup tallness and stature. Work of Hirscohhorn and Letter, ( 2009 ) besides provides valuable information sing biological heritage of human growing and familial fluctuations in tallness within a population. Several surveies conducted in developed states have found that pre- gestation fleshiness, a turning social tendency, is associated with an increased likeliness of maternal and fetal complications responsible for cesarean subdivisions. Harmonizing to these surveies overweight female parents are more likely to hold preeclampsia, gestational high blood pressure, fetal congenital anomalousnesss, macrosomia, and gestational diabetes, and cervical dystocia, initiation of labor and cesarean bringings. Similar tendencies are described by Bhattacharya, et al. , ( 2007 ) and Crane, et al. , ( 2009 ) . This position is besides supported by Satpathy, et al. , ( 2008 ) who studied the inauspicious consequence of fleshiness related to complications during gestation and labor. Poobalan, et Al. , ( 2009 ) found that hazard of cesarean bringings could be more than double in fleshy adult females as compared to female parents with normal BMI. Young and Woodmansee, ( 2002 ) found increased BMI and weigh t addition are more likely associated with CPD and failure to come on in nulliparous adult females. Mollar, Lindmark ( 1997 ) evaluated the relationship of maternal tallness to obstructed labor and cesarean bringings. Kara, et al. , ( 2005 ) stated that short maternal stature is associated with an increased incidence of obstructed labors due to cephalopelvic disproportion ( CPD ) . CPD is still a major obstetric hazard factor for maternal and infant mortality in many parts of the universe where operative bringings are non readily available. Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) about 529,000 maternal deceases occurs throughout the universe per twelvemonth and obstructed labor is one of the major obstetrical factor responsible for these maternal mortalities ( WHO, 2005 ) . Hoefmeyr ( 2004 ) identified an eight per centum of maternal mortalities are due to obstructed labor. To look into the hazard factors for C-Section due to CPD a survey was conducted by Khunpradit, et al. , ( 2005 ) .Who observed maternal tallness less than 150 centimeter and weight more than 15 kilogram is significantly related to increased hazard of CPD. Scott, et al. , ( 1998 ) found short statured adult females are more likely to hold hazard of C-sections for CPD than the taller female parents. Variations in maternal pelvic sizes and forms and foetal sizes could be explained by biological heritage in different populations.This is described by Vernal, et al. , ( 1996 ) that female parents who are being borne by cesarean bringings themselves due to cephalopelvic disproportion ( CPD ) are at a greater hazard to hold CPD subsequently in their lives. Berg-Lekas, et al. , ( 1998 ) observed opportunities of operative bringings between coevalss and within coevalss by comparing mother-daughter units, sister units and duplicate sister units and found a important uneven ratio between them. These happening show familial heritage to CPD, perchance through familial effects on female parents ‘ pelvic girdle dimension or foetal weight. Lunde, et al. , ( 2007 ) explained maternal and foetal familial factors responsible for fluctuation in caput perimeter, birth tallness and weight within households. Beaty, ( 2007 ) Heritability of little size maternal pelvic girdles and big size fetus could be another account of familial sensitivity of operative bringings. Finally, this information did non hold any information about institutional features, as type of infirmary, and type of professionals go toing the births. J, et al. , ( 2009 ) studied the relationship between societal category and type of pregnancy services used by urban occupant in southern Europe and found high rates of cesarean subdivisions among high societal category presenting in private infirmaries. Potter, et al. , ( 2009 ) ( 2001 ) stated that in Brazil, higher rates of c- subdivision were among adult females delivered in private pregnancy units as compared to public infirmaries. Almeida, et al. , ( 2009 ) observed similar findings and suggested that most of the cesarean deliveries were scheduled harmonizing to adult females ‘s or doctors convenience and showed no clear medical justification for the process. Decisions Despite the survey design and methods this research reflect that there are increasing cesarean delivery rates in low hazard population. These analyses have verified assorted of import prenatal hazard factors for elected cesarean bringings and highlighted their familial association. In add-on, these findings can be utile for early designation and guidance of high hazard female parents sing their penchants to different bringing methods. These findings can be incorporated into public and private pregnancy attention sectors, medical managers, and decision makers in early hazard appraisal and strategic direction. More surveies are required to widen the range of possible biological heritage of non medical hazard factors and their correlativity with socio cultural background. Further research is needed sing maternal petitions and penchants about child birth including information about picks and knowledge relation to the usage of intercession and its long term outcomes. An appropriate methodological analysis should be used to detect maternal satisfaction with labor and bringing attention and interactions between patients and attention suppliers. A comprehensive survey of cultural tendencies within obstetrical pattern and methods used for describing cesarean subdivision rates in the state or infirmary which have changed over clip, should be conducted. Surveies associating to funding agreements and policy guidelines of the infirmaries, medical organisations and wellness sections should be observed. In drumhead, greater attending demands to be given to the socio-economic, cultural, medical and poli tical position of pregnancy attention. In decision, the information in this survey is important for those who intend to cut down Cesarean subdivision rates, as it allows early sensing of adult females at a high hazard for surgical intercession. Finally, these happening can help in the development and execution of better schemes to forestall unneeded c- subdivisions and to cut down the cost of attention in wellness system with readjustment of resource allotment harmonizing to population demands. How to cite The rate of caesarean section, Essay examples

Environmental Protection and Human Security †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Protection and Human Security. Answer: Introduction: Chatham is a Medway towns situated in the Medway unitary authority that falls under the jurisdiction of North Kent in the South Eastern region of England. Chatham is located in the lower portion of the dip slope of North Downs and is surrounded by the River Medway that flows towards the south to north direction (Kent State of the Environment 2015) (Details of landscape is highlighted in the picture in the appendix portion). In spite of having a rich source of diversity from the forest, mountains and the river, the atmospheric condition Chatham-Kent is threatened due to increase in the rate of air and water pollution (The BBC News 2018). According to the Kent State of the Environment (2015) the growing population of Chatham-Kent is the leading cause behind the increase in the rate of population (details of population increase is provided in the appendix). Kent State of the Environment (2015) has further highlighted that increase in the rate of immigrants are the leading cause behind t he increase in population and thereby leading to climatic change. The following assignment aims to analyse two most threatening environmental issues in Chatham-Kent (air pollution and water pollution) followed by its impacts on health and strategies undertaken by government in order to reduce the severity of the problem. At the end, the assignment will try to recommend few advanced strategies that might be proved to be helpful in order to reduce the escalating threats of unbalanced pollution in Chatham-Kent. According to the Kent State of the Environment (2015), Chatham suffers from worst air pollution during the days of light breeze and stable wind conditions in comparison to other places in Kent. On these particular days, a wide area Chatham of can get affected. Moreover, the majority of the suburbs location in Chatham experience identical degree of air pollution. However, the regions near the river banks in Chatham, receive high level of river breezes have comparatively better air conditions. On the other hand, the marshy land, which is popularly known as St Marys Island and has have the worse conditions in comparison to other areas. The reason behind this is several new developments of housing estates which cause (Kent State of the Environment 2015). According to Kent State of the Environment (2015), increase in the population density leads to the settlement of the gravity the pollutants especially during the calm nights. Population residing on or within 100 meter of the major roads have poor air quality (Kent State of the Environment 2015). According to the Kent State of the Environment (2015), one of the greatest factors responsible for the Chathams air pollution is the harmful emission coming out from the motor vehicles. In Chatham, two, four and six wheelers amounts approximately 70% of yearly emissions of carbon mono-oxide and nitrous oxide or other oxide of nitrogen. The rest 30% of emission amounts for about organic compounds which are volatile in nature and airborne particles. During winter, the wood combustion for domestic purposes is considered to be the major source of the winter smog. Such room heaters contribute double as much as particle pollution per Kg of the burnt wood. According to Kent State of the Environment (2015), industrial manufacturing activities like electricity generation accounts for about 80% of the total sulphur di-oxide emission in Chatham. Majority of the air pollutants coming from the generation of electricity are emitted via c himneys or stacks and these chimney are more than 100 meters tall thus the pollutants emitted from the tall stacks are widely dispersed but becomes thin in concentration when they settles down. Environment Protection UK (2018) is of the opinion that the major air pollutants present in Chatham include ozone, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide and other fine or coarse particles. Water is an essential component of life. The human use of water resources in Kent has cast a significant impact on the water environment of Chatham. While large water bodies in Chatham are mainly in their natural conditions, other are gradually becoming saltier or getting higher in concentration of natural silt deposition and levels of nutrients. Some of the common indicators of the human impacts over the water include pest plants and algal blooms. The subsequent water treatment is extremely costly and this will eventually increase the scarcity of water. Couple with the silt deposition and algal bloom formation, there is fast deterioration and erosion of the catchments. The soils from the water banks are lost along with the decline in biodiversity. Moreover, due farmlands are becoming unusable because of this high salinity of the water thus decreasing the land fertility (Kent State of the Environment 2015). According to Environment Protection UK (2018), the pollutants enter inside th e water bodies via two principal ways: point source and non-point sources. According to the reports published by (CBC News 2018), the scenario of the water pollution is so serious in Chatham Kent that the families residing in the Chatham Kent is now scared about the black and salty water in the well. According to the reports, the government has notified them that the quality of the drinking water has changed and the reason highlighted by them is wind turbines and not due to increase in the high rise constructions. However, the scenario of blaming and re-blaming is continuing because, the wind turbine companies blames the high traffic and well pumps as the principal reason behind the escalating amount of the water pollution in Kent-Chatham (CBC News 2018). Apart from the human activity, emission of the heavy metals as industrial waste in the water bodies also leads to the development of water pollution creating a global risk for the human health (Fernndez-Luqueo et al. 2013). Accordi ng to BBC News (2018), at present the sea surrounding England is contaminated via tiny plastics and in order to make the scenario worse, the plastics that are entering oceans are becoming toxic via adsorbing oily pollutants present on their surface and this toxic is transferred to the fishes and this in turn gets transmitted into human. Moreover there is no proper waste management procedure (Gusti 2009). UK government is only planning to recycle those plastics into Kayaks but that process is designated to be expensive (BBC News 2018). Government of UK Environment agency (2018), has the duty to check the water quality of the sea which is designated as the bathing sites in England. According to the reports published the weekly assessment between May to September, current water quality in England is deteriorating and this forecast the risk of high level of water pollution (Refer to the images in the appendix). How pollution cast adverse impact on health Air pollution contributes to significant amount of morbidity and mortality while some affects contribute to short-term exposure while other affects contributes to long term exposure (Naddafi et al. 2012). The reports published Kent State of the Environment (2015) revealed that that air population in Chatham-Kent is associated with rise in the risk of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory disease during the year 2012. There is also a direct association of air pollution with the admissions related to asthmatic attack among the children. According to Naddafi et al. (2012), the state-of-the-art epidemiological research has elucidated that coherent and consistent relation between air pollution and health related outcomes like respiratory symptoms, chronic bronchitis, decreased lung functions and reduced lung functions. The relative risks associated with the air pollution are comparatively small. For example for a healthy adult, the average risk of dying might increase for any given day via less than 1% if the atmospheric concentration of the inhalable ( 10 meter diameter) particulate matter (PM10) increase via 10 micro gram /m3 (Naddafi et al. 2012). However, the short term risks of the air pollution like respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, hospital admissions for pulmonary diseases and cardiovascular disease, COPD and acute myocardial infarction may significantly increases the health complications during the later stages of life (Naddafi et al. 2012). Anderson, Thundiyil and Stolbach (2012) further opined that the short term acute exposures subtly up lifts the rate of cardiovascular complications within few days of pollution spike. The group of population who are directed towards the long-term exposure of PM have significantly higher incidents of cardiovascular complications along with increased mortality rate. According to Anderson, Thundiyil and Stolbach (2012), PM is ascertained to contribute cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease via t he mechanism of systemic inflammation, indirect and direct activation of coagulation factor and direct translocation inside the systemic inflammation. The susceptibility of the respiratory diseases are also increased via the significant exposure to PM. PM leads to pulmonary related mortality and morbidity via generating inflammation along with oxidative stress that leads to the development of pulmonary anatomic and physiologic remodelling. According to Lelieveld et al. (2015), PM leads to worsening of the respiratory complications followed by decrease in function of the pulmonary organs, recurrent healthcare utilization and increased rate of mortality. Domestic and hospital sewage contains numerous pathogenic micro-organisms which are undesirable and its disposal into the water bodies leads to an epidemic outbreak of bacterial diseases like dysentery, typhoid, cholera and jaundice. Moreover, the presence of bacterial contamination into the water bodies and contact of that contaminated water with the human body gives rise to skin diseases and other dermatological complications (Frstner and Wittmann 2012). Presence of heavy metals within the water bodies like zinc, leads, arsenic, copper, mercury and cadmium leads adversely affects both the human begins and animals feeding that water. Presence of mercury in the waste water care converted into methyl mercury via bacterial action which gives rise to Minamata disease, a neurological syndrome affecting both fishes and human. Lead emitted as industrial waste causes lead poisoning leading to headache, anaemia and loss of muscle power. Cadminium poisoning causes cancer for the pulmonary org ans causing itai-itai disease also known as ouch-ouch disease which causes painful disease of bones and joints (Frstner and Wittmann 2012). Strategies undertaken in order to reduce pollution In order to protect the environment from the unhealthy yet harmful levels of air pollution, the government of Chatham-Kent has undertaken certain objectives in order to protect the health and wellbeing of plants animals and human beings. The major policy adopted by the European Government is to increase the funding against the environment protection. The main funding is being devoted towards the waste management particularly which are increasing the rate of water pollution (National Audit Office UK (2014). Moreover, there are further stringent controls upon the industrial discharges of the pollutants that have high tenacity to cast adverse health impacts. The expenditure also encompasses reduction in the emission of the threatening pollutants along with other industrial pollutants, which are emitted from the chimneys. Moreover, according to National Audit Office UK (2014), UK is also planning to meet the European air quality limit values via reduces the rate of emission of the harmfu l sulphur di-oxide and nitrogen oxides from the automobiles. According to the European Commission (2014), the government of UK is also planning to take active initiatives in order to reduce the rate of emission of the harmful nitrogen di-oxide in air as emitted from the automobiles (details of expenditure is highlighted in the appendix portion). The other measures undertaken in order to reduce the air pollution via the European Government include adoption of cleaner and environmental pollution free technology by both the small and large scale industries, installation of the tall chimneys in order to assist dispersion, instant removal of the pollutants from the exhaust chambers. The state government has also taken initiatives banning of the open burning and backyard incinerators, prohibition against the use of open-air fires for domestic heating along with discouraging the use of the old wood heaters that fail to satisfy the England standards. In the domain of automobile, the state g overnment has imposed reduction in the exhaust pollutants emitted from the cars via keeping the cars tunes and via reducing the number of cars released on the roads for transport per day (Environment Protection UK 2018). In order to ensure that the objectives of the policies are being met, Environment Protection (2018) keeps a detailed watch on the quality of air while setting appropriate air quality indicators via setting and revising goals and objectives of each indicator in a yearly manner. The National Audit Office UK (2014), the European Union proposed clean air policy package in the year 2013 in order to limit the rate of emission of the harmful gaes and small air particles into air. According to Environment Protection UK (2018) safeguarding the water bodies can be achieved via single organizations of via few individuals alone. Environment Protection UK helps to protect the water environment of Chatham-Kent via application of the environmental laws, policies and regulatory controls and via working into close partnership with the communities residing in Chatham-Kent including business organizations, governmental bodies, groups and individuals. Primarily, Environment Protection uses risk-based approaches in order to identify there are existing adverse impacts over the water bodies. The rationale behind this approach is, if a risk towards the water environment is easily identified then prompt actions can be taken in order to address the associated risks. This specific risk based approach is gradually gaining prominence among the environmental agencies and research bodies. Environment Protection UK (2018) also uses measures delivered under the Environment Protection Act UK (1990) in order to restrict the escalating population and thereby protecting the environment. In the industrial domains, certain types of industries popularly categorised under the scheduled premises are required to earn the approval from Environment Protection UK (2018) along with licensing controls before initiating their major works. This ensures that the works which have potential to adversely harm the environment are thoroughly examined in order to ensure that the parameters of the water environment are protected. Assessment undertaken by Environment Protection UK (2018) encourages the industry to employ efficient industrial processes in order to minimise the emission of the water waste. The same regulations of detailed assessment are also applicable to the research and developmental bodies. For example, the research proposals must be examined by the Environment Protection UK be fore getting permission to initiate the work Environment Protection UK (2018). Recommendations In the domain of reducing air pollution, the government must take active initiatives in order to increase the appeal, acceptability and safety of urban active travel along with subsequent discouragement of travel inside the private petrol or diesel driven motor vehicles (Woodcock 2009). According to Woodocock (2009), this will provide greater health benefits in comparison to the policies that are focused solely over the lower emission of the harmful gases from the motor vehicles or other automobiles. Turrell et al. (2013) have further opined that decrease in the inequalities in the socio-economic status will help in the sustainable use of the environmental resources and thereby reducing pollution. According to them, a balanced environment will be built where the advantaged people will be encouraged towards walking transport and on contrary; the disadvantaged people will be educated in the domain of keeping the environment pollution free via not throwing garbage into the water bodies and employing proper waste management. Stoett et al. (2016) further concluded that multilateral development institutions could help to dodge the risks via the integrated risk assessment in order to foresee the potential interacting threats towards the environment, social stability and health. Socially and ethically responsive, culturally sensitive, equitable yet politically correct and creative solutions are required in urgent in order to bring forwards the communities and the stakeholders together under a single umbrella where they will work in a united and committed from towards the betterment of the public and environmental health (Stoett et al. 2016). References Anderson, J.O., Thundiyil, J.G. and Stolbach, A., 2012. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health.Journal of Medical Toxicology,8(2), pp.166-175. BBC News (2018). Plastic sea pollution to be recycled into kayaks. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-42804681 CBC News. 2018. Chatham-Kent families fear they won't have clean drinking water after government report. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/water-wells-contaminated-ministry-environment-chatham-kent-turbines-1.4521473 Environment Protection UK. 2018. Air quality, land quality and noise. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.environmental-protection.org.uk/ European Commission (2014). Environmental protection. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Environmental-Protection-briefing.pdf Fernndez-Luqueo, F., Lpez-Valdez, F., Gamero-Melo, P., Luna-Surez, S., Aguilera-Gonzlez, E.N., Martnez, A.I., Garca-Guillermo, M.D.S., Hernndez-Martnez, G., Herrera-Mendoza, R., lvarez-Garza, M.A. and Prez-Velzquez, I.R., 2013. Heavy metal pollution in drinking water-a global risk for human health: A review.African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,7(7), pp.567-584. Frstner, U. and Wittmann, G.T., 2012.Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer Science Business Media. Government of UK. 2018. Check the quality of beach and bathing water in England. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/quality-of-local-bathing-water Gusti, L. 2009 A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health. Waste Management 29(8), pp. 2227 -2238 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.028 Kent State of the Environment. 2015. A review of current and potential indicators within the Kent Environment Strategy. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.kent.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/63812/Kent-State-of-the-Environment-Report-Evidence-base-supporting-the-strategy.pdf Lelieveld, J., Evans, J.S., Fnais, M., Giannadaki, D. and Pozzer, A., 2015. The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale.Nature,525(7569), p.367. Naddafi, K., Hassanvand, M.S., Yunesian, M., Momeniha, F., Nabizadeh, R., Faridi, S. and Gholampour, A., 2012. Health impact assessment of air pollution in megacity of Tehran, Iran.Iranian journal of environmental health science engineering,9(1), p.28. National Audit Office UK (2014). Environmental protection. Access date: 18th April. Retrieved from: https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Environmental-Protection-briefing.pdf Stoett, P., Daszak, P., Romanelli, C., Machalaba, C., Behringer, R.., Chalk, F., Cornish, S., Dalby, S., Ferreira de Souza Dias, B., Iqbal, Z, Kock, T., Krampe, F. Lo, M, Martin, K., Matthew, K., Nickerson, JW, Orbanski, J. Price-Smith, A., Prieur-Richard, A, Raja, A., Secko, D.M., Suazo, A. and Swain, A. 2016. Comment: Avoiding catastrophes: seeking synergies amonf the public health, environmental protection and human security sectors. The Lancet Global Health 4 (10) pp e680 -681 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30173-5 [E] Turrell, G., Haynes, M., Wilson, L.A. and Giles-Corti, B., 2013. Can the built environment reduce health inequalities? A study of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and walking for transport.Health place,19, pp.89-98. Woodcock, J., Edwards, P., Tonne, C., Armstrong, B. Ashiru, O. Banister, D. Beevers, S., Chalabi, Z., Chowdhury, Z., Cohen, A., Franco, O., Haines, A., Hickman, R., Lindsay, G. MIttall, I. Dinesh, M., Tiwari, G. Woodward, A. and Roberts, I. 2009. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emission: urban land transport. The Lancet 374 (9705) pp. 1930 1943 [B]

Ivanhoe By Walter Scott Essay Example For Students

Ivanhoe By Walter Scott Essay While reading the book Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott I have come to the conclusionthat Scott criticizes the church a lot. By some of the quotes by variouscharacters show that he has some type of grudge towards the church. In thefollowing paragraphs I will give several examples of his criticism. One exampleof the criticism of the church is when the Grand Master was talking at thetrial. He said: You are aware that we might well have refused this woman thebenefit of the trail by combat; but, though a Jewess and an unbeliever, she isalso a stranger and defenseless, and God forbid that she should ask the benefitof our mild laws and that should be refused to her This is just one of manythat the Grand Master is accusing and not letting the trial be fair becauseRebecca is a Jew. This shows that many of the churchman would lie to save theirone life. I am led to believe that the only reason why they turned Rebecca infor being a witch is because they wanted to save one of their own (Brian). Another example of the criticism of the church is the appearance of Brian andBrother Aymer. They both seemed to be rich and since all people involved in thechurch are supposed to live with fewer advantages they arent supposed to berich. We knew that they were rich because the brother had many servants andpeople with him. The brother was also over weight so it should that he indulgeda lot even though he wasnt supposed to. Then when Wamba tricked them bysaying one direction and pointing the other. Scott was trying to say thatobviously the two churchman that Wamba encountered were not that bright. Thenthere was the time when Ulrica was talking to Cedric about her past. She said:This castle, for ten years, has opened to no priest save the debauched Normanchaplain who partook the nightly revels of Front-de-Boeuf, and he has been longgone to render an account of his stewardship. But thou art a Saxona Saxonpriest, and I have one question to ask of thee Then she goes on saying howpriests hav e come and gone not even noticing the pain she was going through. Since Ulricas past was so awful she has always has always hated her becausethey have never helped her when she needed them the most. Though in Ivanhoethere were many examples of criticism but it would take awhile to name all ofthem. It was obvious that Scott didnt exactly like the church. The strangething that I keep on thinking about is why he didnt like the church. I thinkthat there is probably a good reason but most people dont even know about it. Still he made his point in the book.